Definition of Oral hypoglycemic drugs

Oral hypoglycemic agents are drugs that lower blood glucose levels by- 
  1. stimulating insulin secretion, 
  2. enhancing insulin action, or 
  3. delaying carbohydrate absorption. 

They are used to treat type 2 diabetes mellitus, a condition characterized by insulin resistance and relative insulin deficiency. 
Oral hypoglycemic agents are also called oral antidiabetic drugs or oral antihyperglycemic agents.

Examples of Oral Hypoglycemic drugs 

  1. Sulphonylureas: first-generation drugs - tolbutamide and chlorpropamide, and second-generation drugs like, glipizide, 

  2. Biguanides: The most common example is metformin

  3. Meglitinides: Examples include repaglinide

  4. Thiazolidinediones: Examples include rosiglitazone

  5. Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors: Examples include acarbose.

  6. Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors: An example is sitagliptin.

  7. Glucagon-like peptide (GLP-1) analogues: An example is exenatide.

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