Different Insulin Preparations 

Short Acting 

  • Regular: Rapid acting with 0.5 - 1 hour Duration of Action
  • Lispro: Rapid Acting with 6 - 8 hrs DOA.
  • Insulin Zinc: Insulin Suspension having 6 - 8 DOA 

Intermediate Acting

  • Isophane (NPH): Also Called protamine Hagedorn (NPH) insulin, 18 -24 hrs DOA.

Long Acting:

  • Protamine Zinc: DOA in upto 36 hrs
  • Insulin detemir: DOA upto 24 hrs 
  • Insulin degludec: DOA upto 24 hrs 

MOA of Insulin 

Insulin is a hormone produced by the pancreas that plays a crucial role in regulating blood glucose levels. 

Here’s how it works:

Glucose Absorption: When carbohydrates are consumed, body breaks them down into glucose, a simple sugar that serves as a vital energy source. 

(a) Insulin attaches to insulin receptors of the target cell.
(b) Activates a cascade of signaling leading to the formation of certain protein called GLUT4 which is a glucose transporter protein, 
(c) GLUT4 is then translocated to the Plasma membrane and Transport glucose into the cell.
(d) Inside the cell Glucose converted to Glucose-6-phosphate which is used as a source of energy. 
- In that way the glucose absorption pathway is regulated by the action of Insulin. 



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