Levothyroxine 

Levothyroxine is a synthetically prepared levo-isomer of thyroxine (T4), a tetra-iodinated tyrosine derivative.
It acts as a replacement in deficiency syndromes such as hypothyroidism.

Structure: 



Mode of Action:

Levothyroxine works by mimicking the body’s thyroid production of T4. 
  1. Levothyroxine enters cells and binds to thyroid hormone receptors (TRs). 
  2. These receptors are located in the nucleus of cells and are responsible for regulating gene expression. 
  3. When levothyroxine binds to TRs, This binding activates the transcription of genes, which leads to the production of proteins that are involved in a variety of cellular processes. For example, 
  • Increased utilization of Carbohydrates 
  • Increased Protein catabolism 
  • increased Heat production 

Uses 

  1. Levothyroxine is primarily used to treat hypothyroidism. 
  2. Levothyroxine injection is used in adults to treat myxedema coma.

Liothyronine

Liothyronine is a thyroid hormone replacement therapy used to treat hypothyroidism. 
It is the most potent form of thyroid hormone and is chemically similar and pharmacologically equivalent to T3

Structure:



MOA

  • Liothyronine replaces endogenous thyroid hormone and exerts its physiologic effects by controlling DNA transcription and protein synthesis. 
  • This effect on DNA is obtained by the binding of liothyronine to the thyroid receptors attached to DNA

Uses  

  1. Hypothyroidism
  2. Thyroid Testing

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