Metformin 

Structure 



MOA 



Uses 

  1. Prediabetes: Metformin may prevent or delay the onset of diabetes in people with high blood sugar levels
  2. Gestational diabetes
  3. Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)

Tolbutamide 

Structure 



MOA 

It is a class of Sulfonylurea drugs 

(1) They act on the so-called ‘sulfonylurea receptors’ (SUR1) on the pancreatic β cell membrane. 

(2) This action causes depolarization by reducing the conductance of ATP-sensitive K+ channels. (Raised ATP production followed by raised Glucose also reduces the conductance of ATP sensitive K+ Channels)

(3) This process enhances Ca2+ influx (Followed by the stimulation of Voltage sensitive Ca++ Channel) and degranulation (followed by calcium dependent translocation), which increases the rate of insulin secretion.

Uses 

  1. To treat high blood sugar levels caused by type 2 diabetes mellitus
  2. To prevent or delay the complications of diabetes, such as heart disease, kidney disease, nerve damage, and eye problems
  3. To test the function of the pancreas in diagnosing diabetes or other conditions


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